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indirect rule
Indirect rule is a system of governance used by the British and French to control parts of their colonial empires, particularly in Africa and Asia, through pre-existing local power structures. These dependencies were often called "protectorates" or "trucial states". By this system, the day-to-day government and administration of areas both small and large was left in the hands of traditional rulers, who gained prestige and the stability and protection afforded by the Pax Britannica, at the cost of losing control of their external affairs, and often of taxation, communications, and other matters, usually with a small number of European "advisors" effectively overseeing the government of large numbers of people spread over extensive areas.〔The American Historical Association. "ENGLAND'S INDIRECT RULE IN ITS AFRICAN COLONIES" in THROUGH THE LENS OF HISTORY: BIAFRA, NIGERIA, THE WEST AND THE WORLD. AHA teaching guide, historians.org, n.d. Accessed 2012-09-20 http://www.historians.org/tl/lessonplans/nc/trask/indirect.htm 〕
==British Empire==
Some British colonies were ruled directly by the Colonial Office in London, while others were ruled indirectly through local rulers who are supervised behind the scenes by British advisors. In 1890 Zanzibar became a protectorate (not a colony) of Britain. Prime minister Salisbury explained his position:
:The condition of a protected dependency is more acceptable to the half civilised races, and more suitable for them than direct dominion. It is cheaper, simpler, less wounding to their self-esteem, gives them more career as public officials, and spares of unnecessary contact with white men.〔Andrew Roberts, ''Salisbury: Victorian Titan'' (1999) p 529〕
The Princely States of India were ruled indirectly.〔Lakshmi Iyer, "Direct versus indirect colonial rule in India: Long-term consequences." ''The Review of Economics and Statistics'' (2010) 92#4 pp: 693-713 (online ).〕 So too was much of the West African holdings.〔Adiele Eberechukwu Afigbo, ''The Warrant Chiefs: indirect rule in southeastern Nigeria, 1891-1929'' (London: Longman, 1972)〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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